Traduction et analyse de mots par intelligence artificielle ChatGPT
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Qu'est-ce (qui) est nuclear winter - définition
![Britain]] shows black smoke from the 2005 [[Buncefield fire]], a series of fires and explosions involving approximately 250,000,000 [[litre]]s of fossil fuels. The plume is seen spreading in two main streams from the explosion site at the apex of the inverted 'v'. By the time the fire had been extinguished the smoke had reached the [[English Channel]]. The orange dot is a marker, not the actual fire. Although the smoke plume was from a single source, and larger in size than the individual [[oil well]] fire plumes in Kuwait 1991, the Buncefield smoke cloud remained out of the stratosphere.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hemel Hempstead fuel explosion map.jpg?width=200 "Britain]] shows black smoke from the 2005 [[Buncefield fire]], a series of fires and explosions involving approximately 250,000,000 [[litre]]s of fossil fuels. The plume is seen spreading in two main streams from the explosion site at the apex of the inverted 'v'. By the time the fire had been extinguished the smoke had reached the [[English Channel]]. The orange dot is a marker, not the actual fire. Although the smoke plume was from a single source, and larger in size than the individual [[oil well]] fire plumes in Kuwait 1991, the Buncefield smoke cloud remained out of the stratosphere.")
.jpg?width=200 "url-status=live}}</ref> Only about 10% of all the fires, mostly corresponding with those that originated from \"oil lakes\" produced pure black soot filled plumes, 25% of the fires emitted white to grey plumes, while the remaining emitted plumes with colors between grey and black.<ref name=\"gulflink.osd.mil\"/>")
![Depending on the size of the meteor, it will either burn up high in the atmosphere or reach lower levels and explode in an air burst akin to the [[Chelyabinsk meteor]] of 2013, which approximated the thermal effects of a nuclear explosion.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Meteoroid - Meteor (Bolide) - Meteorite.gif?width=200 "Depending on the size of the meteor, it will either burn up high in the atmosphere or reach lower levels and explode in an air burst akin to the [[Chelyabinsk meteor]] of 2013, which approximated the thermal effects of a nuclear explosion.")
![doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> 0 = Approx altitude commercial aircraft operate<br />1 = [[Fat Man]]<br />2 = [[Castle Bravo]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nukecloud.png?width=200 "doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> 0 = Approx altitude commercial aircraft operate<br />1 = [[Fat Man]]<br />2 = [[Castle Bravo]]")
![Picture of a [[pyrocumulonimbus cloud]] taken from a commercial airliner cruising at about 10 km. In 2002, various sensing instruments detected 17 distinct pyrocumulonimbus cloud events in [[North America]] alone.<ref name="Fire-Breathing Storm Systems" />](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Picture of a pyro-cumulonimbus taken from a commercial airliner.jpg?width=200 "Picture of a [[pyrocumulonimbus cloud]] taken from a commercial airliner cruising at about 10 km. In 2002, various sensing instruments detected 17 distinct pyrocumulonimbus cloud events in [[North America]] alone.<ref name=\"Fire-Breathing Storm Systems\" />")
![Smoke rising in [[Lochcarron]], [[Scotland]], is stopped by an overlying natural low-level inversion layer of warmer air (2006).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/SmokeCeilingInLochcarron.jpg?width=200 "Smoke rising in [[Lochcarron]], [[Scotland]], is stopped by an overlying natural low-level inversion layer of warmer air (2006).")
![psychologically detering]] higher efficiency/higher yield device, can instead be constructed from the same mass of [[fissile material]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/UncleNuclearTest1951.jpg?width=200 "psychologically detering]] higher efficiency/higher yield device, can instead be constructed from the same mass of [[fissile material]].")
Wikipédia
Nuclear winter is a severe and prolonged global climatic cooling effect that is hypothesized to occur after widespread firestorms following a large-scale nuclear war. The hypothesis is based on the fact that such fires can inject soot into the stratosphere, where it can block some direct sunlight from reaching the surface of the Earth. It is speculated that the resulting cooling would lead to widespread crop failure and famine. When developing computer models of nuclear-winter scenarios, researchers use the conventional bombing of Hamburg, and the Hiroshima firestorm in World War II as example cases where soot might have been injected into the stratosphere, alongside modern observations of natural, large-area wildfire-firestorms.
